There is no set distance that you must be from a roadway or occupied structure before you can hunt or shoot a gun. You need to check with local authorities (both the county and the city in which you plan to hunt and/or shoot a gun) in the area in question because there may be local regulations. Even if there are no regulations, a person is liable for his actions if he causes harm and/or is negligent.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) regulates firearms in regards to the take of fish and wildlife. The discharge of firearms in public, on residential property, or in close proximity to a home is regulated by the legislature, preempting local government regulations. Section 790.15
Florida Statutes discusses discharge of firearms in public or on residential property (see below). The FWC cannot provide you with legal interpretation of laws or legal advice in this matter. If legal interpretation or counsel is needed the concerned individual would have to seek out their own attorney to interpret and provide any necessary counsel.
With regard to discharging a firearm, Chapter 790.15, Florida Statutes (F.S.), states:
"790.15 Discharging firearm in public.--
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) or subsection (3), any person who knowingly discharges a firearm in any public place or on the right-of-way of any paved public road, highway, or street or whosoever knowingly discharges any firearm over the right-of-way of any paved public road, highway, or street or over any occupied premises is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. This section does not apply to a person lawfully defending life or property or performing official duties requiring the discharge of a firearm or to a person discharging a firearm on public roads or properties expressly approved for hunting by the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission or Division of Forestry.
(2) Any occupant of any vehicle who knowingly and willfully discharges any firearm from the vehicle within 1,000 feet of any person commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(3) Any driver or owner of any vehicle, whether or not the owner of the vehicle is occupying the vehicle, who knowingly directs any other person to discharge any firearm from the vehicle commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. "
According to Chapter 790.001(6), F.S., '"Firearm" means any weapon (including a starter gun) which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive; the frame or receiver of any such weapon; any firearm muffler or firearm silencer; any destructive device; or any machine gun...".
It is a felony (5 years imprisonment, $5000 fine, or both) to shoot over or across someone else's land without permission, even if there is no house or other structure at all.
Armed trespass, s. 810.09(2)(c): If the offender is armed with a firearm or other dangerous weapon during the commission of the offense of trespass on property other than a structure or conveyance, he or she is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
Trespass by projectile, s. 810.09(2)(h): Any person who in taking or attempting to take any animal described in s. 379.101(19) or (20), or in killing, attempting to kill, or endangering any animal described in s. 585.01(13) knowingly propels or causes to be propelled any potentially lethal projectile over or across private land without authorization commits trespass, a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "potentially lethal projectile" includes any projectile launched from any firearm, bow, crossbow, or similar projectile.